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Biology of Reproduction, Vol 14, 495-501, Copyright © 1976 by Society for the Study of Reproduction

Cyclic and Diurnal Patterns of Serum Prolactin in the Rhesus Monkey

S. K. QUADRI 1, and HAROLD G. SPIES 1

1 Reproductive Physiology, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97005


Serum concentrations of prolactin, LH, estradiol, and progesterone were measured daily throughout one or more menstrual cycles in 7 rhesus monkeys. Prolactin concentrations at 0800 - 0900 h during 13 menstrual cycles averaged 10.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml (± SE). During none of the cycles did a significant rise in serum prolactin occur to coincide with preovulatory surges in estradiol (368 ± 29 pg/ml) and LH (4.2 ± 0.6 ng/ml). However the mean prolactin level during the follicular phase of all cycles (10.1 ± 0.4 ng/ml) was slightly (P>0.05) lower than that during the luteal phase (11.2 ± 0.4 ng/ml) when progesterone levels were elevated.

The 24 h pattern of serum prolactin was determined in 6 female monkeys bled at 4 h intervals during a 24 h period and then again a week later at 12 h intervals at 0800 and 2000 h on Day 1, at 1200 and 2400 h on Day 2, and at 1600 and 0400 h on Day 3. Under both bleeding frequencies serum prolactin concentrations showed a marked nyctohemeral rhythm with high levels during the night and low levels during the day. The overall average was 10.4 ± 0.5 ng/ml during the day and 17.3 ± 0.9 ng/ml during the night (P<0.001). Moreover, serum prolactin levels at any of the 3 times during the day (0800, 1200, 1600 h) were significantly lower (P<0.001) compared to those at the 3 times (2000, 2400, and 0400 h) during the night. The 24 h pattern of serum prolactin concentrations was remarkably similar under both bleeding intervals except for slight depressions at 1200 and 2400 h under the shorter bleeding interval. The stage of the menstrual cycle had no effect on the nyctohemeral rhythm as judged by 24 h profiles of serum prolactin during the luteal (Days 19-22) and follicular (Days 5-8) phases of the menstrual cycle. These results indicate the suitability of the rhesus monkey as a model to study the neural mechanisms involved in the diurnal changes in prolactin release in primates.

Note:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are indebted to Dr. John A. Resko for the steroid data and are thankful to Terry T. Oyama and Margaret K. Stobie for technical assistance.

Submitted on December 4, 1975
Accepted on January 13, 1976




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