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Biology of Reproduction, Vol 23, 1038-1045, Copyright © 1980 by Society for the Study of Reproduction
1 Department of Ecology, Ethology and Evolution and Department of Psychology,
University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801 In virgin female Microtus ochrogaster, increases in uterine weight, indicative of reproductive
activation, were observed as early as 20 days of age. Exposure to an unfamiliar adult male for a
period of 1 h or less induced, within 48 h, increases in uterine weight lasting for at least 10 days.
Applications of male urine induced increases in uterine weight equivalent to those observed in
females exposed to additional visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli from the male; urine from
castrated males was less effective than urine from intact males. Direct physical contact with intact
males or their urine was essential to reproductive activation, and visual or air-borne cues were not
adequate. Sibling male-female pairs of this species do not ordinarily reproduce, probably due to the
failure of the female to become reproductively active. Estrus and subsequent reproduction were
induced, however, by applications of sibling male urine to the female’s upper lip, suggesting a
behavioral barrier to reproduction among siblings.
Note:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by research grants from
NIH HD 09328 (L.L.G.), NSF DFB 78-25864 (L.L.G.),
NSF BNS 79-25713 (C.S.C.), and an NIH Biomedical
Support Grant BRSH RR-07030 to the University of
Illinois. We thank the following individuals for assistance with this research: Dean E. Dluzen, David Tazik,
Michael Kerry O’Banion, Sharon Spak, and Marla
Minuskin.
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