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Biology of Reproduction, Vol 3, 35-42, Copyright © 1970 by Society for the Study of Reproduction

Comparative Mechanisms of Action of Monochlorhydrin- and Cadmium-Induced Necrosis of the Caput Epididymidis of the Rat

SAMUEL A. GUNN 1, THELMA CLARK GOULD 1, , and W. A. D. ANDERSON 1

1 Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136


Former experiments emphasized that cadmium (4.5 mg/kg sc) causes acute necrosis of the proximal caput epididymidis as a result of primary injury to the vasculature of this area. Monochlorhydrin (75 mg/kg sc) does not act by the same mechanism as cadmium in producing damage to the caput. Although both chemicals cause widespread edema of the interstitial tissue and exfoliation of epithelial lining cells within 24 hr, monochlorhydrin, unlike cadmium, reveals no evidence of a hemorrhagic reaction and capillaries are normal in appearance.

The most outstanding difference in action of these two chemicals is that whereas cadmium injures the caput even when the epididymal tract is devoid of seminal fluid (as after severance of the vasa efferentia, long-term cryptorchidy, or in the immature 36-day-old rat), monochlorhydrin has no effect when the epididymal tract is empty. The onset of reactivity to monochlorhydrin begins at 40 days of age, prior to the presence of spermatozoa but after the appearance of luminal fluid in the epididymis. This evidence suggests that monochlorhydrin may interfere with one of the normal functions of the epididymis, the absorption of luminal fluid, exerting a direct toxic effect on the epididymal lining cells.

 Submitted on January 27, 1970






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Copyright © 1970 by the Society for the Study of Reproduction.