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Biology of Reproduction, Vol 55, 789-795, Copyright © 1996 by Society for the Study of Reproduction
ARTICLES |
S Kuretake, Y Kimura, K Hoshi and R Yanagimachi
Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, University of Hawaii Medical School, Honolulu 96822, USA.
To determine whether spermatozoa must be structurally intact before microsurgical injection into oocytes for normal fertilization, intact spermatozoa, as well as sperm heads separated from tails by sonication, were individually injected into oocytes. When whole spermatozoa were injected immediately after their immobilization, the majority of the oocytes were fertilized and developed normally. Sonication in the presence or absence of Triton X-100 decapitated more than 95% of spermatozoa. Although all decapitated spermatozoa were diagnosed as "dead" by live/dead sperm staining, separated sperm heads (nuclei) could participate in normal embryo development when injected into the oocytes. The ability of isolated sperm heads (nuclei) to participate in normal embryo development was maintained under cryopreservation conditions that were not suitable for the survival of plasma membrane- intact spermatozoa. These results indicate that 1) spermatozoa do not need to be structurally intact for intracytoplasmic injection, 2) the plasma and acrosomal membranes and all tail components are not essential for normal embryo development, at least in the mouse, and 3) the cryopreservation conditions required for maintenance of the genetic integrity of sperm nuclei are less stringent than those necessary for keeping plasma membrane-intact spermatozoa alive.
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A. Tohda, T. Okuno, K. Matsumiya, M. Okabe, H. Kishikawa, K. Dohmae, A. Okuyama, and Y. Nishimune Restoration of Spermatogenesis and Fertility in Azoospermic Mutant Mice by Suppression and Reelevation of Testosterone Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Biol Reprod, January 1, 2002; 66(1): 85 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Kusakabe, M. A. Szczygiel, D. G. Whittingham, and R. Yanagimachi Maintenance of genetic integrity in frozen and freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa PNAS, November 9, 2001; (2001) 241517598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Yanagida, H. Katayose, S. Hirata, H. Yazawa, S. Hayashi, and A. Sato Influence of sperm immobilization on onset of Ca2+ oscillations after ICSI Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2001; 16(1): 148 - 152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Yazawa, K. Yanagida, H. Katayose, S. Hayashi, and A. Sato Comparison of oocyte activation and Ca2+ oscillation-inducing abilities of round/elongated spermatids of mouse, hamster, rat, rabbit and human assessed by mouse oocyte activation assay Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2000; 15(12): 2582 - 2590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. E. Latham, B. Patel, F. D. M. Bautista, and S. M. Hawes Effects of X Chromosome Number and Parental Origin on X-Linked Gene Expression in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos Biol Reprod, July 1, 2000; 63(1): 64 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. J. Martin Development of In Vivo-Matured Porcine Oocytes Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Biol Reprod, July 1, 2000; 63(1): 109 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Tateno, Y. Kimura, and R. Yanagimachi Sonication Per Se Is Not as Deleterious to Sperm Chromosomes as Previously Inferred Biol Reprod, July 1, 2000; 63(1): 341 - 346. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Montag, K. Rink, G. Delacretaz, and H. van der Ven Laser-induced immobilization and plasma membrane permeabilization in human spermatozoa Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2000; 15(4): 846 - 852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Kishikawa, H. Tateno, and R. Yanagimachi Chromosome Analysis of BALB/c Mouse Spermatozoa with Normal and Abnormal Head Morphology Biol Reprod, September 1, 1999; 61(3): 809 - 812. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 A. C. Perry, T. Wakayama, H. Kishikawa, T. Kasai, M. Okabe, Y. Toyoda, and R. Yanagimachi Mammalian Transgenesis by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Science, May 14, 1999; 284(5417): 1180 - 1183. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K.-i. Hamano, X. Li, X.-q. Qian, K. Funauchi, M. Furudate, and Y. Minato Gender Preselection in Cattle with Intracytoplasmically Injected, Flow Cytometrically Sorted Sperm Heads Biol Reprod, May 1, 1999; 60(5): 1194 - 1197. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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W. S. Ward, Y. Kimura, and R. Yanagimachi An Intact Sperm Nuclear Matrix May Be Necessary for the Mouse Paternal Genome to Participate in Embryonic Development Biol Reprod, March 1, 1999; 60(3): 702 - 706. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A.C.F. Perry, T. Wakayama, and R. Yanagimachi A Novel Trans-Complementation Assay Suggests Full Mammalian Oocyte Activation Is Coordinately Initiated by Multiple, Submembrane Sperm Components Biol Reprod, March 1, 1999; 60(3): 747 - 755. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G.-J. Rho,, S. Kawarsky,, W. H. Johnson,, K. Kochhar,, and K. J. Betteridge Sperm and Oocyte Treatments to Improve the Formation of Male and Female Pronuclei and Subsequent Development Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection into Bovine Oocytes Biol Reprod, October 1, 1998; 59(4): 918 - 924. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. Wakayama and R. Yanagimachi The First Polar Body Can Be Used for the Production of Normal Offspring in Mice Biol Reprod, July 1, 1998; 59(1): 100 - 104. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Kusakabe, M. A. Szczygiel, D. G. Whittingham, and R. Yanagimachi Inaugural Article: Maintenance of genetic integrity in frozen and freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa PNAS, November 20, 2001; 98(24): 13501 - 13506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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