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Biology of Reproduction 59, 661-669 (1998)
©Copyright 1998 Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc.

Quantitative Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Gene Expression and Immunohistochemical Localization in Human Endometrium Throughout the Menstrual Cycle1

Francisco Raga2,a,b, Eva Maria Casaña,b, Jan S. Kruessela, Yan Wena, Hong-Yuan Huanga, Camran Nezhata, , and Mary Lake Polana

a Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Reproductive Immunology Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305 b Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Valencia, Spain

GnRH is one of the paracrine/autocrine regulators of hCG secretion produced by the human trophoblast during pregnancy. We hypothesized that GnRH may play a role in the embryonic/endometrial dialogue during early implantation. To examine this hypothesis, we assessed GnRH and GnRH-receptor mRNA and protein expression in human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle of premenopausal fertile patients. Quantitation of the mRNA was performed by reverse transcription (RT)-competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of a competitive cDNA fragment. RT-PCR revealed that unfractioned endometrium and isolated endometrial stromal and epithelial cells express GnRH and GnRH-receptor mRNA throughout all phases of the menstrual cycle. Quantitative PCR showed a dynamic pattern in the GnRH mRNA expression throughout the cycle, with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the secretory phase as compared to the proliferative phase. Furthermore, quantitative competitive PCR of isolated glandular and stromal cells showed higher mRNA levels (p < 0.05) in the luteal phase in both compartments. GnRH immunostaining was localized in all major compartments, with the most intense staining during the luteal phase. On the basis of these data, we suggest that during reproductive life, endometrial GnRH may play a paracrine/autocrine role in the early stages of implantation by modulating embryonic trophoblastic secretion of hCG.

1 This work was supported in part by NIH Grant HD 31575. F.R. and E.M.C. are Postdoctoral Fellows supported by a Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo grant (FIS 97/5374) from the Spanish Government, Madrid. Presented in part at the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, March 11-14 1998, Atlanta, GA.

2 Correspondence: Francisco Raga, Pedro Aleixandre 57-7, 46006 Valencia, Spain. FAX: 34 96 3515477; cegiob{at}interbook.net




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