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Sperm Migration into and through the Oviduct Following Artificial Insemination at Different Stages of the Estrous Cycle in the Rat¹

^a Unidad de Reproducción y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

In order to examine whether sperm migration into and through the oviduct follows an invariable pattern or is subject to regulation, rats in proestrus, estrus, metestrus, or diestrus were inseminated in the upper third of each uterine horn with 10–20 million epididymal spermatozoa. Three or eight hours later, the numbers of spermatozoa free and adhering to the epithelium in the ampullary and isthmic segments were determined. A significantly higher number of spermatozoa were recovered in estrus than in other stages, at 3 h than at 8 h, and at all stages from the isthmus than from the ampulla. Spermatozoa adhering to the epithelium were observed only in proestrus and estrus and in the isthmus. The effect of exogenous estradiol-17ß (E₂) and progesterone (P₄) on sperm migration was investigated in rats in which the estrous cycle was inhibited pharmacologically. E₂ facilitated sperm migration into the oviduct and P₄ antagonized this effect, whereas P₄ alone had no effect. Concomitant treatment with E₂+P₄ induced adhesion of spermatozoa to the oviductal epithelium. In conclusion, the pattern of sperm migration into and through the rat oviduct varies with the stage of the cycle, being dependent on E₂ and P₄. The adhesion of spermatozoa to the rat oviductal epithelium is stage- and segment-specific and requires the combined action of both hormones.

¹ This work received financial support from grants of the Rockefeller Foundation (RF 94025 #15) and the World Health Organization (WHO CHI-LID-2). P.A.O. was recipient of a research fellowship funded by PLACIRH. Parts of the results presented here were previously reported in abstract form at the Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, held in Portland, Oregon, August 2–5, 1997.

² Correspondence: H.B. Croxatto, Unidad de Reproducción y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. FAX: 562 222 5515; hbcroxat{at}genes.bio.puc.cl

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