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a Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
Vitamin A is required in the testis for germ cell development. It acts through two families of retinoid receptors, retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), each with three subtypes 
, ß, and 
. These receptors are postulated to dimerize and regulate the transcription of retinoid-responsive genes that are crucial for germ cell development. In this study, we determined the cellular and subcellular localization of six retinoid receptors in the developing rat testis to identify the specific cellular sites and times of receptor expression. Immunohistochemical results revealed the expression of RAR, RARß, RXR, and RXR proteins in somatic and germ cells throughout postnatal development. In contrast, the expression of RAR and RXRß did not increase until 30–35 days of age in somatic cells from the testis. Interestingly, RAR and RXR had a similar subcellular localization pattern in Sertoli cells throughout postnatal testis development, while RAR and RXR were both present in the nucleus of spermatocytes and elongating spermatids. These results suggest that RAR may potentially dimerize with RXR in Sertoli cells and with RXR in germ cells. In addition, we demonstrate that the only RAR in the nucleus of early meiotic germ cells is RAR.
2 Correspondence: Kwan Hee Kim, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4234. FAX: 509 335 1907; khkim{at}mail.wsu.edu
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