HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal My Folders Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Han, Y.-M. Articles by Prather, R. S. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Han, Y.-M. Articles by Prather, R. S. Agricola Articles by Han, Y.-M. Articles by Prather, R. S.

Pronuclear Location Before the First Cell Division Determines Ploidy of Polyspermic Pig Embryos¹

^a Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-5300 ^b Korea Research Institute of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Taejon 305-600, Korea

Polyspermy occurs frequently in the fertilization of mammalian eggs, but little is known about whether polyspermic eggs have developmental ability in vitro or in vivo. We previously reported that poly-pronuclear (PPN; 3 or more pronuclei) pig eggs developed normally to the blastocyst stage despite having fewer inner cell mass cell numbers as compared to blastocysts derived from two-pronuclear (2PN) eggs. Here it is shown that most PPN pig eggs have abnormal cleavage patterns (having 3 or more cells) in the first cell division and retarded development of pronuclei prior to syngamy as compared to 2PN eggs. Most blastocysts (14 of 18) that developed from PPN eggs showed abnormal ploidy (were haploid, triploid, and tetraploid) whereas 20 of 22 blastocysts derived from 2PN embryos were diploid. The size and morphology of most Day 40 fetuses that developed from PPN eggs appeared to be normal. Of 8 Day 40 fetuses analyzed, 1 was triploid (XXY) and another was a mosaic with both diploid (XX) and tetraploid cells (frequency of less than 10%, XXXX), and the others were diploid. Anomalies of chromosomal composition were not detected in these fetuses. Five live piglets and one dead piglet were born from two recipients of PPN eggs. It is proposed that not all pronuclei of PPN pig eggs participate in syngamy, resulting in diploid cells in the conceptus. Our data suggest that there are two types of pronuclei location in polyspermic pig eggs and that the resulting ploidy is determined at the zygote stage before the first cell division according to pronuclear location.

¹ The material is based upon work supported as a part of the National Cooperative Program on Non-Human In Vitro Fertilization and Preimplantation Development and was funded by the NICHD through cooperative agreement HD34588, and is a contribution from the Missouri Agricultural Experiments Station Journal Series No. 12,831.

² Correspondence: Randall S. Prather, 920 East Campus Drive, Room 162, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211-5300. FAX: 573 884 7827; pratherr{at}missouri.edu

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. Somfai, M. Ozawa, J. Noguchi, H. Kaneko, M. Nakai, N. Maedomari, J. Ito, N. Kashiwazaki, T. Nagai, and K. Kikuchi Live Piglets Derived from In Vitro-Produced Zygotes Vitrified at the Pronuclear Stage Biol Reprod, January 1, 2009; 80(1): 42 - 49. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J Booth, T. J Watson, and H. J Leese Prediction of Porcine Blastocyst Formation Using Morphological, Kinetic, and Amino Acid Depletion and Appearance Criteria Determined During the Early Cleavage of In Vitro-Produced Embryos Biol Reprod, November 1, 2007; 77(5): 765 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Hao, N. Mathialagan, E. Walters, J. Mao, L. Lai, D. Becker, W. Li, J. Critser, and R. S. Prather Osteopontin Reduces Polyspermy During In Vitro Fertilization of Porcine Oocytes Biol Reprod, November 1, 2006; 75(5): 726 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Zannoni, M. Spinaci, C. Bernardini, M. L. Bacci, E. Seren, M. Mattioli, and M. Forni DNase I activity in pig MII oocytes: implications in transgenesis. Reproduction, March 1, 2006; 131(3): 461 - 468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Bjerregaard, C. Wrenzycki, F. Strejcek, J. Laurincik, P. Holm, R. L. Ochs, C. Rosenkranz, H. Callesen, D. Rath, H. Niemann, et al. Expression of Nucleolar-Related Proteins in Porcine Preimplantation Embryos Produced In Vivo and In Vitro Biol Reprod, April 1, 2004; 70(4): 867 - 876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. S. Sherrer, T. J. Rathbun, and D. L. Davis Fertilization and blastocyst development in oocytes obtained from prepubertal and adult pigs J Anim Sci, January 1, 2004; 82(1): 102 - 108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T.C. McCauley, W.C. Buhi, G.M. Wu, J. Mao, J.N Caamano, B.A. Didion, and B.N. Day Oviduct-Specific Glycoprotein Modulates Sperm-Zona Binding and Improves Efficiency of Porcine Fertilization In Vitro Biol Reprod, September 1, 2003; 69(3): 828 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Q.-Y. Sun, G.-M. Wu, L. Lai, A. Bonk, R. Cabot, K.-W. Park, B. N. Day, R. S. Prather, and H. Schatten Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation, Microtubule Organization, Chromatin Behavior, and Cell Cycle Progression by Protein Phosphatases During Pig Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization In Vitro Biol Reprod, March 1, 2002; 66(3): 580 - 588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Viuff, P. J.M. Hendriksen, P. L.A.M. Vos, S. J. Dieleman, B. M. Bibby, T. Greve, P. Hyttel, and P. D. Thomsen Chromosomal Abnormalities and Developmental Kinetics in In Vivo-Developed Cattle Embryos at Days 2 to 5 after Ovulation Biol Reprod, July 1, 2001; 65(1): 204 - 208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Q.-Y. Sun, L. Lai, K.-W. Park, B. Kühholzer, R. S. Prather, and H. Schatten Dynamic Events Are Differently Mediated by Microfilaments, Microtubules, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase During Porcine Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization In Vitro Biol Reprod, March 1, 2001; 64(3): 879 - 889. [Abstract] [Full Text]