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, and Second Messengers1
a Institute of Medical Biochemistry,
b Departments of Tumor Biology and Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital,
c Andrology Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, National Hospital, University of Oslo, N-0317 Oslo, Norway
In the testis, FSH has been shown to induce the expression and secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) from Sertoli cells in vitro. This study was performed to elucidate further the cellular origin of testicular TIMP-1 and its expression by hormonal and paracrine factors. This is the first report on the expression of testicular TIMP-1 in vivo. TIMP-1 mRNA in whole testis was decreased after hypophysectomy and strongly increased by the injection of FSH-S17 to hypophysectomized rats. Primary cultures of both peritubular and Sertoli cells showed basal expression of TIMP-1 mRNA. In contrast, we were unable to detect TIMP-1 mRNA in Leydig cells, freshly isolated immature germ cells (primary spermatocytes and spermatids), or residual bodies. We further show that treatment of Sertoli cells with 8-(4-chlorophenyl)thio-cAMP (8-CPTcAMP) in combination with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or Ca2+ inducers (calcium ionophore A23187 or thapsigargin) had additive (TPA) and synergistic effects (Ca2+) on the level of TIMP-1 mRNA and secreted protein. We also show that both the level of TIMP-1 mRNA and secreted protein from Sertoli cells were strongly increased by residual bodies, as well as by the cytokine interleukin-1
. TIMP-1 was not up-regulated by either 8-CPTcAMP or interleukin-1 in peritubular cells. In contrast to the regulated secretory fraction of TIMP-1, we also detected constitutively expressed immunoreactive TIMP-1 in the nucleus of Sertoli cells, suggesting a role of nuclear TIMP-1 in these cells. In conclusion, our data show that secretion of TIMP-1 from Sertoli cells is highly regulated by hormonal and local processes in the testis, indicating that TIMP-1 is of physiological importance during both testicular development and spermatogenesis.
1 This work was supported by the Norwegian Research Council, the Norwegian Cancer Society, Novo Nordisk Foundation Committee, and Anders Jahres Foundation for the Promotion of Science.
2 Correspondence: Line M. Grønning, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112, Blindern, N-0317 Oslo, Norway. FAX: 47 22851497; l.m.gronning{at}basalmed.uio.no
3 Current address: Jacob E. Wang, Institute of Surgical Research, National Hospital, University of Oslo, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
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