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a Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, D-48129 Münster, Germany
b Institute for Hormone and Fertility Research, University of Hamburg, D-22529 Hamburg, Germany
The cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) gene encodes a transcription factor that is essential for spermatogenesis. In mouse testis, several CREM repressors and activators have been identified. In contrast to the situation for the mouse, however, little is known about CREM isoforms in the primate testis. We analyzed CREM isoforms and mRNA expression in a clinically relevant primate model, the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). A cDNA library was generated from monkey testis; and two activator isoforms (
2 with and without exon 
) were identified, which displayed high sequence identity to mouse and human isoforms. The insertion of exon was observed for the first time in the primate testis. CREM activator expression was confined to the testis, where it was seen in late pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids in specific spermatogenic stages, as revealed by in situ hybridization. Comparison of the mRNA and the recently described protein expression indicated a lack of translational delay of CREM expression. Comparative analysis of testicular CREM expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction yielded several transcripts in the rat, mouse, hamster, and marmoset; two transcripts in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys; and one transcript in men. These findings suggest an evolutionary trend from multiple activator isoforms to a single activator transcript in men.
1 This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Confocal Research Group Hamburg/Münster: The Male Gamete: Production, Maturation, Function.
2 Correspondence: G.F. Weinbauer, Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, Domagkstr. 11, D-48129 Münster, Germany. FAX: 49 251 8356093; weinbau{at}uni-muenster.de
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