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a Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Albert B. Alkek Institute of Biosciences and Technology,
b Texas A&M University System Health Science Center and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2471
c Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
d Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
Lactogenic hormones regulate epithelial proliferation, differentiation, and function in a variety of epitheliomesenchymal organs. During pregnancy, the ovine uterus is a potential site for endocrine and paracrine actions of lactogenic hormones in the form of pituitary prolactin (PRL) and placental lactogen (PL). These studies determined temporal and spatial alterations in PRL receptor (PRL-R) and expression of uterine milk proteins (UTMP), a marker of endometrial secretory activity, in the ovine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Slot-blot hybridization analysis indicated that steady-state levels of endometrial PRL-R mRNA increased during pregnancy. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that PRL-R mRNA and protein were exclusively expressed in the endometrial glandular epithelium (GE). No PRL-R mRNA expression was detected in luminal epithelium, stroma, myometrium, or conceptus trophectoderm. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses determined that the endometrial GE expressed both long and short alternative splice forms of the ovine PRL-R gene. Slot-blot hybridization analysis indicated that steady-state levels of intercaruncular endometrial UTMP mRNA increased about 3-fold between Days 20 and 60, increased another 3-fold between Days 60 and 80, and then declined slightly to Day 120. In pregnant ewes, UTMP mRNA expression was restricted to the endometrial GE in the stratum spongiosum (sGE), increased substantially between Days 15 and 17, and, between Days 17 to 50 of gestation, was markedly higher in upper than lower sGE. After Day 50, hyperplasia of the sGE was accompanied by increased UTMP mRNA expression by all sGE. Collectively, results indicate that 1) endometrial sGE is a primary target for actions of lactogenic hormones and 2) UTMP mRNA expression is correlated with PL production by the trophectoderm and state of sGE differentiation during pregnancy. It is proposed that activation of PRL-R signal transduction pathways by PRL and PL plays a major role in endometrial GE remodeling and differentiated function during pregnancy in support of conceptus growth and development.
1 This work was supported in part by BARD Grant US-2643–95.
2 Correspondence: Thomas E. Spencer, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, 444 Kleberg Center, College Station, TX 77843-2471. FAX: 409 862 2662; tspencer{at}ansc.tamu.edu
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G. A. Johnson, R. C. Burghardt, M. M. Joyce, T. E. Spencer, F. W. Bazer, C. A. Gray, and C. Pfarrer Osteopontin Is Synthesized by Uterine Glands and a 45-kDa Cleavage Fragment Is Localized at the Uterine-Placental Interface Throughout Ovine Pregnancy Biol Reprod, July 1, 2003; 69(1): 92 - 98. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Noel, A. Herman, G. A. Johnson, C. A. Gray, M. D. Stewart, F. W. Bazer, A. Gertler, and T. E. Spencer Ovine Placental Lactogen Specifically Binds to Endometrial Glands of the Ovine Uterus Biol Reprod, March 1, 2003; 68(3): 772 - 780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. D. Carpenter, C. A. Gray, S. Noel, A. Gertler, F. W. Bazer, and T. E. Spencer Prolactin Regulation of Neonatal Ovine Uterine Gland Morphogenesis Endocrinology, January 1, 2003; 144(1): 110 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. D. Stewart, Y. Choi, G. A. Johnson, L.-y. Yu-Lee, F. W. Bazer, and T. E. Spencer Roles of Stat1, Stat2, and Interferon Regulatory Factor-9 (IRF-9) in Interferon Tau Regulation of IRF-1 Biol Reprod, February 1, 2002; 66(2): 393 - 400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. A. Gray, F. F. Bartol, B. J. Tarleton, A. A. Wiley, G. A. Johnson, F. W. Bazer, and T. E. Spencer Developmental Biology of Uterine Glands Biol Reprod, November 1, 2001; 65(5): 1311 - 1323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Choi, G. A. Johnson, R. C. Burghardt, L. R. Berghman, M. M. Joyce, K. M. Taylor, M. David Stewart, F. W. Bazer, and T. E. Spencer Interferon Regulatory Factor-Two Restricts Expression of Interferon-Stimulated Genes to the Endometrial Stroma and Glandular Epithelium of the Ovine Uterus Biol Reprod, October 1, 2001; 65(4): 1038 - 1049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. A. Johnson, M. D. Stewart, C. Allison Gray, Y. Choi, R. C. Burghardt, L.-Y. Yu-Lee, F. W. Bazer, and T. E. Spencer Effects of the Estrous Cycle, Pregnancy, and Interferon Tau on 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase Expression in the Ovine Uterus Biol Reprod, May 1, 2001; 64(5): 1392 - 1399. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. M. Taylor, C. Chen, C. A. Gray, F. W. Bazer, and T. E. Spencer Expression of Messenger Ribonucleic Acids for Fibroblast Growth Factors 7 and 10, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, and Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Receptors in the Neonatal Ovine Uterus Biol Reprod, April 1, 2001; 64(4): 1236 - 1246. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. Chen, T. E. Spencer, and F. W. Bazer Fibroblast Growth Factor-10: A Stromal Mediator of Epithelial Functionin the Ovine Uterus Biol Reprod, September 1, 2000; 63(3): 959 - 966. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. M. Taylor, C. A. Gray, M. M. Joyce, M. D. Stewart, F. W. Bazer, and T. E. Spencer Neonatal Ovine Uterine Development Involves Alterations in Expression of Receptors for Estrogen, Progesterone, and Prolactin Biol Reprod, April 1, 2000; 63(4): 1192 - 1204. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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