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Regular Article |
a Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
b Laboratory Medicine, Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe 650, Japan
c Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan
d Department of Etiology and Pathogenesis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita 565, Japan
ABSTRACT
Ovulation accompanied by tissue damage can cause an increase in the level of tissue factor (TF) in the follicular fluid, triggering the extrinsic coagulation pathway. However, follicular fluid must block fibrin formation and maintain fluidity until the release of the oocyte at ovulation. The combination of sulfated proteoglycan, antithrombin, and TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) appears to play a critical role in the hypocoagulability of human follicular fluid. When compared with plasma, folicular fluid differs markedly in the levels of a number of important coagulation proteins. Principal among these are 15-fold, 13-fold, and 3.7-fold increases in free TFPI, thrombin-antithrombin complex, and TF, respectively. The excessively prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) of human ovarian follicular fluid appear to be primarily due to high concentrations of sulfated proteoglycans, which accelerate the inactivation of thrombin and the anti-Xa activity of TFPI. Thus, heparitinase treatment shortened the clotting times of follicular fluid and reduced the inhibition of thrombin by the proteoglycan fraction combined with a fraction containing antithrombin. The remaining prolongation of APTT and PT may be caused by high levels of free TFPI in follicular fluid, which were confirmed by Northern blotting analysis, demonstrating TFPI mRNA expression by granulosa cells.
1 Supported by a grant-in-aid from the Kobe City Foundation for Medical Research.
2 Correspondence: Hayato Shimada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kobe City General Hospital, Minatojima-nakamachi 4–6, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650, Japan. FAX: 81 78 302 2487; shimada8810{at}hkg.odn.ne.jp
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