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a Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
ABSTRACT
Hyperactivated motility, a swimming pattern displayed by mammalian sperm in the oviduct around the time of ovulation, is essential to fertilization. Ca2+ has been shown to be crucial for the initiation and maintenance of hyperactivated motility. Nevertheless, how Ca2+ reaches the axoneme in the core of the flagellum to switch on hyperactivation is unknown. Ca2+-releasing agents were used to determine whether an intracellular store provides Ca2+ to the axoneme. Hyperactivation was induced immediately in bull sperm by thapsigargin, caffeine, and thimerosal. The responses were dose-dependent and were induced in both capacitated and uncapacitated sperm. When external Ca2+ was buffered below 50 nM with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, the response to caffeine was significantly reduced; however, the responses to thapsigargin and thimerosal were not affected. This indicates caffeine-induced hyperactivation depends on external Ca2+ influx, whereas hyperactivation by thapsigargin and thimerosal do not. Acrosome reactions were not induced by these treatments; therefore, an acrosomal store was probably not involved. Indirect immunofluorescence labeling showed type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) in the acrosome and neck region, but no ryanodine receptors (RyR) were found using anti-RyR antibodies or BODIPY FL-X ryanodine. These data indicate that there is an IP3R-gated Ca2+ store in the neck region of sperm that regulates hyperactivated motility.
1 Supported by National Science Foundation grant MCB-9818512 to S.S.S.
2 Correspondence: Susan S. Suarez, Department of Biomedical Sciences, T5 006 Vet Research Tower, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. FAX: 607 253 3541; sss7{at}cornell.edu
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