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Estrogen and Progesterone Metabolites and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in the Aged Macaque Female¹

^a Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, California 95616 ^b California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616

The study presented characterizes the ovarian and pituitary function of the aged female macaque through a complete annual reproductive cycle to compare hormone dynamics during the human and nonhuman primate menopausal transition. Data collected over an entire year from aged macaque females indicated that urinary FSHß subunit baseline levels statistically significantly increased in females after age-related abnormal menstrual cycles occurred. These abnormal cycles were followed by anovulation and complete cessation of follicular activity. No statistically significant difference in urinary FSHß subunit levels was seen between females that exhibited year-round normal ovarian cycles and those that exhibited seasonal ovarian cycles followed by an interval of anovulation during the nonbreeding season. Basal urinary estrogen metabolite levels were not observed to decrease until ovarian cycles became abnormal and FSHß subunit levels began to rise. Early follicular phase circulating inhibin ß levels were statistically significantly reduced only when ovariectomized females were compared to the year-round normally cycling females. A statistically nonsignificant trend toward decreased inhibin secretion, however, was apparent in aged females with normal cycles, aged females with abnormal cycles, anovulatory aged females, and finally, ovariectomized females. Whereas decreased circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate showed a general decline over the 1-yr study period in all groups, they were lowest in the year-round normally cycling group, progressively higher in the normal-to-anovulatory group and abnormal-to-anovulatory group, and highest in the anovulatory group. Finally, the nonbreeding season was associated with the highest number of abnormal cycles, suggesting that onset of complete ovarian senescence in these study macaques was more likely to occur during that time (i.e., females were less likely to return to normal ovarian cycles the following breeding season and more likely to exhibit permanent ovarian quiescence).

First decision: 28 September 2000.

¹ Supported by NIH 1R03AG14853. Additional funding was provided by California Regional Primate Research Center base grant RR00169.

² Correspondence: Susan E. Shideler, I.T.E.H., University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8615. FAX: 530 752 5300; seshideler{at}ucdavis.edu

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