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Enhanced Survivability of Cloned Calves Derived from Roscovitine-Treated Adult Somatic Cells

^a Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 ^b Research Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli 41470, Turkey ^c ProLinia, Inc., Athens, Georgia 30602 ^d Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan ^e Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602

Nuclear transfer to produce cattle is inefficient because 1) donor cells are not easily synchronized in the proper phase of the cell cycle, 2) the nucleus of these cells is not effectively reprogrammed, 3) the rate of attrition of late-term pregnancies is high, and 4) the health of early postnatal calves is compromised. The cyclin dependent kinase 2 inhibitor, roscovitine, was used to maximize cell cycle synchrony and to produce cells that responded more reliably to nuclear reprogramming. Roscovitine-treated adult bovine granulosa cells (82.4%) were more efficiently synchronized (P < 0.05) in the quiescent G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle than were serum-starved cells (76.7%). Although blastocyst development following nuclear transfer was elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum-starved group (21.1%) relative to the roscovitine-treated cells (11.8%), the number of cells in the blastocysts derived from roscovitine-treated cells was higher (P < 0.05) than those derived from the serum-starved group (roscovitine-treated group: 142.8 ± 6.0 cells; serum-starved group: 86.8 ± 14.5 cells). The resulting fetal and calf survival after embryo transfer was enhanced in the roscovitine-treated group (seven surviving calves from six pregnancies) compared with serum-starved controls (two calves born, one surviving beyond 60 days, from five pregnancies). Roscovitine culture can predictably synchronize the donor cell cycle and increase the nuclear reprogramming capacity of the cells, resulting in enhanced fetal and calf survival and increased cloning efficiency.

First decision: 18 October 2001.

¹ Correspondence: Steve Stice, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602. FAX: 706 546 4492; sstice{at}arches.uga.edu

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