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a Biologie du Développement et Biotechnologies, Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas cedex, France
b Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Commune d'Elevage des Animaux de Bressonvilliers, 91630 Leudeville, France
c Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université F. Rabelais de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6073, 37380 Nouzilly, France
d Union Nationale des Coopératives Agricoles d'Elevage et d'Insémination Artificielle, Technical Services, 94 703 Maisons-Alfort, France
e Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Physiologie Animale, 78352 Jouy en Josas cedex, France
f Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, Equipe Tissu Adipeux et Lipides du Lait, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-Theix, 63122-St-Genes Champanelle, France
Although healthy animals are born after nuclear transfer with somatic cells nuclei, the success of this procedure is generally poor (2%–10%) with high perinatal losses. Apparently normal surviving animals may have undiagnosed pathologies that could develop later in life. The gross pathology of 16 abnormal bovine fetuses produced by nuclear transfer (NT) and the clinical, endocrinologic (insulin-like growth factors I and II [IGF-I and IGF-II], IGF binding proteins, post-ACTH stimulation cortisol, leptin, glucose, and insulin levels), and biochemical characteristics of a group of 21 apparently normal cloned calves were compared with those of in vitro-produced (IVP) controls and controls resulting from artificial insemination. Oocytes used for NT or IVP were matured in vitro. NT to enucleated oocytes was performed using cultured adult or fetal skin cells. After culture, Day 7, grade 1–2 embryos were transferred (one per recipient). All placentas and fetuses from clones undergoing an abnormal pregnancy showed some degree of edema due to hydrops. Mean placentome number was lower and mean placentome weight was higher in clones than in controls (69.9 ± 9.2 placentomes with a mean weight of 144.3 ± 21.4 g in clones vs. 99 and 137 placentomes with a mean individual weight of 34.8 and 32.4 g in two IVP controls). Erythrocyte mean cell volume was higher at birth (P < 0.01), and body temperature and plasma leptin concentrations were higher and T4 levels were lower during the first 50 days and the first week (P < 0.05), respectively, in clones. Plasma IGF-II concentrations were higher at birth and lower at Day 15 in clones (P < 0.05). Therefore, apparently healthy cloned calves cannot be considered as physiologically normal animals until at least 50 days of age.
1 Correspondence: Pascale Chavatte-Palmer, Biologie du Développement et Biotechnologies, UMR INRA/ENVA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas cedex, France. FAX: 00 33 0 1 34 65 26 77; chavatte{at}jouy.inra.fr
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