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Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Chorionic Gonadotropin in the Primate Endometrial Epithelial Cells¹

^a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60212-7313 ^b Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611

Successful implantation requires synergism between the developing embryo and the receptive endometrium. In the baboon, infusion of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) modulates both morphology and physiology of the epithelial and stromal cells of the receptive endometrium. This study explored the signal transduction pathways activated by CG in endometrial epithelial cells from baboon (BE) and human (HES). Incubations of BE and HES cells with CG did not significantly alter adenylyl cyclase activity or increase intracellular cAMP when compared with Chinese hamster ovarian cells stably transfected with the full-length human CG/luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor (CHO-LH cells). However, in BE and HES cells, CG induced the phosphorylation of several proteins, among them, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2). Phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in uterine epithelial cells was protein kinase A (PKA) independent. This novel signaling pathway is functional because, in response to CG stimulation, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) was released into the media and increased significantly 2 h following CG stimulation. CG-stimulated PGE₂ synthesis in epithelial cells was inhibited by a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK 1/2) inhibitor, PD 98059. In conclusion, immediate signal transduction pathways induced by CG in endometrial epithelial cells are cAMP independent and stimulate phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 via a MEK 1/2 pathway, leading to an increase in PGE₂ release as the possible result of cyclooxygenase-2 activation.

¹ These studies were done as part of the National Cooperative Program for Markers of Uterine Receptivity and Blastocyst Implantation funded by NIH HD 29964.

² Correspondence: Asgerally T. Fazleabas, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 820 South Wood Street (M/C 808), Chicago, IL 60612-7313. FAX: 312 996 4238; asgi{at}uic.edu

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