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Mechanisms of Hormone Action |
a Département d'Ontogénie et Reproduction, Centre de Recherches du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUL), Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR)
b Département d'Obstétrique et Gynécologie, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
c Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
d Department of Dairy & Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Almquist Research Center, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
In ruminants, interferon produced by the trophectoderm (IFN-
) is recognized as the embryonic signal responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy. IFN- is believed to act by down-regulating estrogen receptors, thus preventing appearance of oxytocin receptors responsible for the release of prostaglandin F2
(PGF2) by the endometrium. The present study was undertaken to determine in vitro the biological activities of different IFN- isoforms and document putative alternate luteotrophic mechanisms. Endometrial cells in primary cultures were treated with five different rIFN- isoforms: two ovine isoforms (ro-4 and ro-11) and three bovine isoforms (rb-1a, rb-2b and rb-3b). Their effect was quantified by measurement of PGE2 and PGF2 production by ELISA and induction of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) by Western and Northern analysis and correlated with antiviral activity previously reported. The overall pattern of response to the IFNs tested suggests that low concentrations (<1 µg/ml) reduced the production of both PGs and higher concentrations (>1 µg/ml) stimulated preferentially PGE2; however, exceptions were noted. Isoform rb-2b with high antiviral activity inhibited PG production in both cell types at all concentrations tested. IFNs rb-1a and ro-11 had similar antiviral activities, inhibiting PG at low concentrations and stimulating them at high concentrations. Isoform rb-3b stands out relative to the other IFNs tested because it induced a variable non-dose-dependent effect on PG production and low antiviral activity. An increase in COX-2 protein expression and messenger was correlated with increased PG production. The results showing two distinct responses to IFN- depending on its concentration and/or isoform and the absence of correlation with antiviral activity suggest that complex transduction mechanisms are involved.
2 Correspondence: M.A. Fortier, Ontogénie et Reproduction, Centre de Recherches du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUL), 2705 boulevard Laurier, Ste-Foy, QC, Canada G1V 4G2. FAX: 418 654 2765; e-mail: mafortier{at}crchul.ulaval.ca
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