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Dynamic Regulation of Expression of Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 in the Reproductive Tract of Cattle During the Estrous Cycle and in Pregnancy¹

Reproductive Technologies Group,³ AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand Departments of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, ⁴ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is a hematopoetic cytokine that also plays an important role in placental physiology. We report here the molecular cloning of two alternative splice variants of the bovine gene coding for a putative secreted and a membrane-bound form of the cytokine and the dynamic regulation of expression in the reproductive tract of cattle during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Bovine CSF-1 was expressed mainly as the 3- and 4-kilobase (kb) transcripts, but 1.4- and 0.8-kb mRNAs were also detected in Day 50–70 pregnant uterine tissue. During the estrous cycle, both the 4- and 3-kb mRNAs were present, but the 3-kb putative membrane-bound form was more abundant than the 4-kb secreted form during diestrus. This pattern of expression was reversed in pregnancy, so that the exponential increase in CSF-1 expression seen during pregnancy was due predominantly to increased abundance of the 4-kb transcript. The change in the 4-kb:3-kb ratio was detected between Day 14 and Day 17, approximately the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Thus, CSF-1 was identified as one gene whose expression in the uterus might be altered early in response to the presence of the conceptus. CSF-1 was also expressed in the extraembryonic membranes of the conceptus and in the trophoblastic cells of the fetal cotyledons after the formation of the placentomes. The high level of CSF-1 expression during bovine pregnancy in uteroplacental tissues is consistent with its proposed role in placental physiology.

¹ This research was supported by grant C10X0018 from the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology, New Zealand, and NIH grant HD30280 (to J.W.P.).

² Correspondence: Rita S.F. Lee, Reproductive Technologies Group, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, East St., Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand. FAX: 64 7 838 5628; rita.lee{at}agresearch.co.nz

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