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Pituitary Glycoprotein Hormone ß Subunits in the Australian Lungfish and Estimation of the Relative Evolution Rate of These Subunits Within Vertebrates¹

Department of Biological Sciences,⁴ Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia Unité Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes,⁵ UMR CNRS-MNHN 5166, 75005, Paris, France Department of Biology,⁶ School of Education, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan

The ß subunits of the two pituitary gonadotropins LH and FSH and of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were cloned from Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) pituitary glands. These three glycoprotein hormone ß subunits possess the main characteristics common to their counterparts in other vertebrates. Taking advantage of the phylogenetic position of the lungfish, close to the root of tetrapods, a maximum parsimony tree was inferred from these new sequences and sequences from representatives of the diversity of vertebrates. The topology of the tree was imposed so that it reflected as closely as possible the real evolutionary history of the subunits. This tree was used to estimate the relative evolution rate of the three subunits in vertebrates. Cumulated amino acid substitutions from the basal subunit node (ancestral subunit sequence) to the species node were calculated and compared. It showed that a burst in evolutionary rate occurred for the LHß subunit in the tetrapod lineage sometime after the emergence of amphibians. The rate of evolution of the LHß subunit was particularly high throughout the radiation of mammals while FSH and TSHß subunits kept quite stable in this lineage. A burst in evolutionary rate was also observed for the FSHß subunit in the lineage leading to teleosts sometime after the emergence of chondrosteans and the dynamic of evolution was high throughout the radiation of teleosts. These results were consistent with data obtained from pairwise comparisons.

¹ This work was supported by an ARC large and IREX grant awarded to J.M.P.J. CNRS supported a sabbatical year for B.Q., which was hosted by J.M.P.J. at Macquarie University.

² Correspondence: Bruno Querat, Unité Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, UMR CNRS-MNHN 5166, 7 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. FAX: 33 1 4079 3620; querat{at}mnhn.fr

³ Current address: Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan

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