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Genetic Variation in Oocyte Phenotype Revealed Through Parthenogenesis and Cloning: Correlation with Differences in Pronuclear Epigenetic Modification¹

The Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology⁵ the Department of Biochemistry,⁶ Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140

Previous studies revealed that oocytes of different genetic strains (e.g, C57BL/6 and DBA/2) modify maternal and paternal pronuclei differently, affecting early preimplantation development. To determine whether these strain-dependent effects would also apply to oocyte modifications of somatic cell nuclei introduced during cloning procedures, we compared the efficiency of development of parthenogenetic and cloned embryos made with DBA/2, C57BL/6, and (B6D2)F₁ oocytes. Our results reveal significant differences in the ability of oocytes of different genetic backgrounds to support parthenogenetic development in different culture media. Additionally, our results reveal oocyte strain-dependent differences in the ability to support cloned embryo development beyond what can be accounted for on the basis of differences in parthenogenesis. Thus, the previously documented differences in oocyte-directed parental genome modification are accompanied in the same strains by differences in the ability of oocytes to modify somatic cell nuclei and support clonal development, raising the possibility that these oocyte functions may be mediated by related mechanisms. These results provide a genetic basis for further studies seeking to identify specific genes that determine oocyte phenotype, as well as genes that determine the success of nuclear reprogramming and clonal development.

¹ Supported by grants from the NIH/NICHD (HD38381 and HD43092) to K.E.L. and a grant from the Fulbright Commission, Germany, to E.C.

² Correspondence: Keith E. Latham, 3307 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140. FAX: 215 707 1454; klatham{at}temple.edu

³ Current address: Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

⁴ Current address: Advanced Cell Technology, One Innovation Drive, Biotech Three, Worcester, MA 01605

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