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Spatio-Temporal Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-26 in Human Placental Trophoblasts and Fetal Red Cells During Normal Placentation¹

State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology,³ Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics,⁴ Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Department of Immunology,⁵ Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China

The processes of implantation and placentation involve the degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Evidence indicates that members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family play crucial roles in these processes. In the present study, we identified the expression and localization of MMP26/endometase/ matrilysin-2 in human placentae at different stages of gestation using methods of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. MMP26 was widely localized to villous cytotrophoblast cells, syncytiotrophoblast cells, and to column trophoblasts during early pregnancy. The mRNA and protein level of MMP26 in chorionic villi was highest at Weeks 6–7, and decreased thereafter, reaching its lowest level at the second trimester. The mRNA level was significantly up-regulated in term placenta, while the immunoreactivity remained undetectable. Notably, intense expression of MMP26 was found in fetal nucleated red cells inside the villous capillaries during gestational Weeks 6–9. Strong expression of MMP26 mRNA was also demonstrated in fetal red cells isolated from the whole blood of fetuses at midpregnancy. The expression patterns of MMP26 in human placenta suggests complicated roles for MMP26 during the processes of placentation and hematopoiesis, perhaps working in concert with other members of the MMP family, such as MMP9.

¹ Y.-L.W. was supported in part by NSFC Project grant 30370542, by Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project grant G1999055903, and by CAS Knowledge Innovation Program grant KSCX-2-SW-201. Y.-G.Z. was supported by a Program Enhancement Grant from the Florida State University Research Foundation, and Q.-X.A.S. was supported by grant DAMD17-02-1-0238 from the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, and by grant CA78646 from the National Institutes of Health.

² Correspondence: Dr. Yan-ling Wang, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 25 Bei Si Huan Xi Road, Beijing 100080, China. FAX: 86 10 62529248; wangyl{at}ioz.ac.cn

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