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BOR - Papers in Press, published online ahead of print November 23, 2005.
Biol Reprod 2005, 10.1095/biolreprod.105.046029
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BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 74, 545–551 (2006)
DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.046029
© 2006 by the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc.

Research Article

Clonal Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells Express Characteristics of Both Mesenchymal and Neural Stem Cells1

Ming-Song Tsai 2 345  , Shiaw-Min Hwang 6, Yieh-Loong Tsai 4, Fu-Chou Cheng 7, Jia-Ling Lee 3, and Yu-Jen Chang 6

Prenatal Diagnosis Center,3 Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan School of Medicine,4 Fu Jen Catholic University, Hsinchung 242, Taiwan College of Medicine,5 Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan Bioresource Collection and Research Center,6 Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Department of Medical Research,7 Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan

ABSTRACT

Recent evidence has shown that amniotic fluid may be a novel source of fetal stem cells for therapeutic transplantation. We previously developed a two-stage culture protocol to isolate a population of amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) from second-trimester amniocentesis. AFMSCs maintain the capacity to differentiate into multiple mesenchymal lineages and neuron-like cells. It is unclear whether amniotic fluid contains heterogeneous populations of stem cells or a subpopulation of primitive stem cells that are similar to marrow stromal cells showing the behavior of neural progenitors. In this study, we showed a subpopulation of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AF-SCs) at the single-cell level by limiting dilution. We found that NANOG- and POU5F1 (also known as OCT4)-expressing cells still existed in the expanded single cell-derived AF-SCs. Aside from the common mesenchymal characteristics, these clonal AF-SCs also exhibit multiple phenotypes of neural-derived cells such as NES, TUBB3, NEFH, NEUNA60, GALC, and GFAP expressions both before and after neural induction. Most importantly, HPLC analysis showed the evidence of dopamine release in the extract of dopaminergic-induced clonal AF-SCs. The results of this study suggest that besides being an easily accessible and expandable source of fetal stem cells, amniotic fluid will provide a promising source of neural progenitor cells that may be used in future cellular therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and nervous system injuries.

amniotic fluid cells, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, developmental biology, dopamine, dopamine release, mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, pregnancy

FOOTNOTES

2 Correspondence: Ming-Song Tsai, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of OBS/GYN, Cathay General Hospital, 280 Jen-Ai Road, Section 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. FAX: 886 2 23259530; mstsai{at}cgh.org.tw

1 Supported by grants from the National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC 92–2314-B-281–007 and NSC 93–2314-B-281–004) and the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan (93-EC-17-A-17-R7–0525).




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