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Analysis of Transcription Factor AP-2 Expression and Function During Mouse Preimplantation Development¹

Departments of Craniofacial Biology⁵ and Cell Developmental Biology,⁶ University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Aurora, Colorado 80045 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology,⁷ Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 Genetics of Vertebrate Development Section,⁸ National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research & Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702

ABSTRACT

Theactivating protein 2 (AP-2) transcription factor family is required for multiple aspects of mouse postimplantation development, but much less is known about the expression and possible function of these genes during the preimplantation period. In the present study, we have examined the expression of all five members of the mouse AP-2 gene family in the unfertilized oocyte and from zygote formation to the blastocyst stage of development. Four AP-2 genes are differentially expressed during the preimplantation period,Tcfap2a,Tcfap2b,Tcfap2c, andTcfap2e. Furthermore, with the exception ofTcfap2a, these genes are also expressed in unfertilized oocytes, indicating that they may be important for oogenesis, maternal-effect functions, or both. Given these findings, we have initiated studies to assess how various combinations of maternal and zygotic AP-2 gene expression might function together to regulate pre- and peri-implantation development. The present study focuses on the interplay between the expression of zygoticTcfap2aand maternal and zygoticTcfap2c. These studies indicate that zygotic, but not maternal,Tcfap2cexpression is required for normal embryogenesis. In addition, the combined loss of bothTcfap2aandTcfap2caccelerates embryonic lethality compared to the loss of either gene alone, demonstrating that genetic redundancy exists between these two AP-2 family members during the peri-implantation period of embryogenesis.

developmental biology, early development, embryo, gene regulation, trophoblast

¹ Supported by a Lalor fellowship award to Q.W., a grant from the Cancer League of Colorado to J.H., a University of Colorado Cancer Center Seed grant award to T.W., and Utah Agricultural Experiment Station project UTA00493 to Q.W.

² Correspondence: Trevor Williams, Mailstop 8120, P.O. Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045. FAX: 303 724 4580; trevor.williams{at}uchsc.edu

³ Current address: Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322.

⁴ Current address: Skirball Institute, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016.

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