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ECC-1 Cells: A Well-Differentiated Steroid-Responsive Endometrial Cell Line with Characteristics of Luminal Epithelium¹

Center for Women's Medicine,³ Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Greenville Hospital System, Greenville, South Carolina 29605 Greenwood Genetic Center,⁴ Greenwood, South Carolina 29646 Departments of Medicine⁵ and Obstetrics and Gynecology,⁶ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599

ABSTRACT

Endometrial cancer cell lines have provided a valuable model to study endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. Since the first development of HEC1B over 35 yr ago, many different cell lines have been isolated and described. One valuable cell line that maintains hormone responsiveness and unique stability over time is the ECC-1 cell line, developed originally by the late P.G. Satyaswaroop. In this study, we investigated some of the properties of these cells and present their salient characteristics. Like Ishikawa cells, ECC-1 cells maintain both estrogen receptors (ESR1 [ER alpha] and ESR2 [ER beta]), progesterone receptors (PR A and B; PGRs), and androgen receptors (ARs), along with the p160 steroid receptor coactivators NCOA1 (formerly SRC1), NCOA2 (formerly TIF2), and NCOA3 (formerly AIB1). The karyotype of these cells is abnormal, with multiple structural rearrangements in all cells analyzed. Unlike Ishikawa cells that express glandular epithelial antigens, ECC-1 cells maintain a luminal phenotype, with expression of KRT13 (cytokeratin 13) and KRT18 (cytokeratin 18). Apparent differences in the regulation of ESR2 also were evident in ECC-1 cells compared to Ishikawa cells. Like other endometrial cell lines, ECC-1 cells express the steroid receptor coactivators and exhibit epidermal growth factor-stimulated expression of known luminal proteins thought to be involved in implantation, including the hyaluronate receptor CD44 and SPP1 (formerly osteopontin) and CD55 (decay-accelerating factor). These characteristics appear to be stable and persistent over multiple cell passages, making this well-differentiated cell line an excellent choice to study endocrine and paracrine regulation of endometrial epithelium in vitro.

adenocarcinoma, androgen receptor, coactivators, endometrial cell line, endometrium, estradiol receptor, female reproductive tract, mechanisms of hormone action, progesterone receptor, steroid receptors

¹ Supported by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health through cooperative agreement U54 HD-30476 (B.A.L.) as part of the Specialized Cooperative Centers Program in Reproduction Research.

² Correspondence. FAX: 864 455 3095; blessey{at}ghs.org

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