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Region-Specific Gene Expression Profiling: Novel Evidence for Biological Heterogeneity of the Human Amnion¹

Perinatology Research Branch,⁴ National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Perinatology Research Branch,⁵ National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, Michigan 48201 Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics⁶ and Department of Computer Science,⁷ Wayne State University; and Departments of Pathology⁸ and Obstetrics and Gynecology,⁹ Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201

ABSTRACT

The amnion plays an important role during pregnancy and parturition. Though referred to as a single structure, this fetal tissue is regionally divided into placental amnion, reflected amnion, and umbilical amnion. Histological differences between placental amnion and reflected amnion led us to hypothesize that the amnion is biologically heterogeneous. The gene expression profiles of placental amnion and reflected amnion were compared in patients at term with no labor (TNL; n = 10) and in labor (TIL; n = 10). Real-time quantitative RT-PCR revealed a higher expression of IL1B mRNA in reflected amnion than in placental amnion in TNL cases but not in TIL cases. Extended screening using microarrays showed differential expression of 17 genes in labor, regardless of the region. Interestingly, 839 genes were differentially expressed between placental amnion and reflected amnion. Pathway analysis identified 19 signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase and transforming growth factor beta pathways, associated with region. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of the amnion explants showed more robust activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/1 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) in placental amnion of TNL but not in TIL cases. Placental amnion from TNL and TIL cases showed a significant difference in the amplitude of IL1B mRNA induction by LPS. We report that the anatomical region has a substantial impact on the transcriptional program and the biological properties of the amnion. Labor-associated switching to a proinflammatory signature is a feature particular to placental amnion. The novel observations herein strongly suggest that the seemingly homogeneous amnion is biologically heterogeneous and compartmentalized, with implications for the physiology of pregnancy and parturition..

IL1B, lipopolysaccharide, microarray, parturition, placenta, pregnancy

¹Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS.

Correspondence: ²Chong Jai Kim, Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, 3990 John R, 4th Floor, Detroit, MI 48201. FAX: 313 577 5242; e-mail: cjkim{at}med.wayne.edu

Correspondence: ³Roberto Romero, Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Wayne State University/Hutzel Women's Hospital, 3990 John R, 4th Floor, Detroit, MI 48201. FAX: 313 993 2694; e-mail: prbchiefstaff{at}med.wayne.edu