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Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules,
consisting of an alpha (
) chain and beta-2-
microglobulin (
2MG), play an important role in
immune rejection responses by discriminating self and non-
self and are increased by Type I interferons during
antiviral responses. Interferon tau (IFN
), the
pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants, is a Type I
IFN produced by the ovine conceptus between Days 11 and
21 of gestation. In Study One, expression of MHC class I &
[alpha] chain and
2MG mRNA and protein was
detected primarily in endometrial luminal epithelium (LE)
and glandular epithelium (GE) on Days 10 and 12 of the
estrous cycle and pregnancy. On Days 14 to 20 of
pregnancy, MHC Class I and
2MG expression
increased only in endometrial stroma and GE and
concurrently was absent in LE and superficial ductal GE
(sGE). Although neither MHC Class I nor
2MG
proteins were detected in Day 20 trophectoderm,
2MG mRNA was detected in conceptus trophectoderm. In
Study Two, cyclic ewes were ovariectomized on Day 5,
treated daily with progesterone to Day 16, received
intrauterine infusions between Days 11-16 of either
control serum proteins or recombinant ovine IFN
,
and were hysterectomized on Day 17. IFN
increased
MHC class I and
2MG expression only in endometrial
stroma and GE. During pregnancy, MHC class I and
2MG gene expression is inhibited in endometrial LE and
sGE, but is paradoxically stimulated by IFN
in the
stroma and GE. The silencing of MHC Class I
chain and
2MG genes in the endometrial LE and sGE
during pregnancy recognition and establishment may be a
critical mechanism preventing immune rejection of the
conceptus allograft.
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