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Dendritic cells (DC) in the pregnant human uterine mucosa have been poorly characterised although they are likely to regulate immune responses to both placental trophoblast cells and uterine infections. In this study a HLA-DR+, CD11c+ lin- (CD3, CD19-, CD56-, CD14-) population has been identified by three colour flow cytometry. The cell isolates were either prepared by collagenase digestion or mechanically from first trimester decidual tissue. The decidual DC comprised ~1.7% of CD45+ cells in the isolates and had the phenotype of immature myeloid DC. No CD1a+ Langerhans cells or CD123+ plasmacytoid DC were detected. The decidual DC were DC-SIGN-, DEC-205+, CD40+. Two subsets could be distinguished on the basis of relative expression of HLA-DR which also differed in expression of DC-activation markers. The DC were identified in situ by immunohistology by DEC-205 staining. Cells with dendritic processes were found scattered through both the decidua basalis (where trophoblast cells are infiltrating) and the decidua parietalis. They were also visible in endothelial-lined spaces. This is the first study to identify and describe the phenotype and distribution of human decidual DC.
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