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BOR - Papers in Press, published online ahead of print August 6, 2003.
Biol Reprod 2003, 10.1095/biolreprod.103.018150
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Submitted April 18, 2003
Returned for revision May 13, 2003
Accepted August 6, 2003

Embryo


11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and Glucocorticoid Receptor Messenger RNA Expression in Porcine Placentae: Effects of Stage of Gestation, Breed, and Uterine Environment

H. G. Klemcke *, R. Sampath Kumar , K. Yang , J. L. Vallet , and R. K. Christenson

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: harold.klemcke{at}cen.amedd.army.mil.

Abstract
Glucocorticoids are known to influence many aspects of prenatal development. Three important regulators of glucocorticoid actions at the cellular level are the enzymes 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type1 (11{beta}HSD-1), 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Type 2 (11{beta}HSD-2), and glucocorticoid receptors (GR). A study was conducted to determine the presence of these regulators in porcine placentae during early gestation (days 24-40; term = 114 days) and to examine the influence of breed and uterine environment. Three pig models differing in uterine environment as reflected by embryonic survival from days 24-40 were used: intact white crossbred gilts (WC-INT); white crossbred gilts that had been unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized before puberty (WC-UHO); and intact Meishan gilts (ME). Porcine specific partial cDNAs for 11{beta}HSD-1 and 11{beta}HSD-2 and a cRNA for GR{alpha} were developed and used to produce 32P-labeled probes for Northern analyses. 11{beta}HSD dehydrogenase activity was measured in vitro at saturating concentrations of substrate and coenzyme. At day 24 of gestation 11{beta}HSD-2 mRNA, dehydrogenase activity, and GR mRNA were present, but 11{beta}HSD-1 mRNA was absent. All three mRNAs and dehydrogenase activity increased (P < 0.01) by day 40. On day 30 placental 11{beta}HSD-2 mRNA was decreased (P=0.03) 47% in WC-UHO vs WC-INT. Placental 11{beta}-HSD dehydrogenase activity was 2-fold greater (P < 0.01) in ME vs WC-INT on day 24 of gestation. These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of 11{beta}HSD-1, 11{beta}HSD-2, and GR mRNA as well as 11{beta}-HSD dehydrogenase activity in the porcine placenta during early pregnancy. Moreover, a role for glucocorticoids in porcine embryonic development is suggested.

Key words: Embryo • Conceptus • Cortisol • Developmental biology • Glucocorticoid receptor


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