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Donor cell type, cell cycle stage, and passage number of cultured cells all affect the developmental potential of cloned embryos. Since acetylation of the histones on nuclear chromatin is an important aspect of gene activation, this study investigated the differences in histone acetylation of bovine fibroblast and cumulus cells at various passages and cell cycle stages. The acetylation was qualitatively analyzed by epi-flourescent confocal microscopy and quantitatively by immuno-fluorescent flow cytometry. Specifically, we studied levels of histone H4 acetylated at lysine 8, and histone H3 acetylated at lysine 18. Acetylation at these lysine residues is among the most common for the above histone molecules. We also studied levels of linker histone H1 in donor cells. Our results show that stage of cell cycle, cell type, and numbers of cell passages all had an effect on histone content. Histone H1 and acetyl histone H3 increased with cell passage (passage 5 to 15) in G0/G1 and G2/M stage cumulus and fibroblast cells. We also found that acetyl histone H4 was lower in early versus late cell passages (P5 vs. P15) for G0/G1 stage cumulus cells. In both cell types examined, acetyl histones increased with cell cycle progression from G0/G1 into the S and G2/M phases. These results indicate that histone acetylation status is re-modeled by in vitro cell culture and this may have implications for nuclear transfer.
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