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BOR - Papers in Press, published online ahead of print September 17, 2003.
Biol Reprod 2003, 10.1095/biolreprod.103.020016
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Submitted June 5, 2003
Returned for revision June 23, 2003
Accepted September 11, 2003

Embryo


Marsupial Anti-Müllerian Hormone Gene Structure, Regulatory Elements, and Expression

Andrew J. Pask , Deanne J. Whitworth , Chai-An Mao , Ke-Jun Wei , Natasha Sankovic , Jennifer A.M. Graves , Geoffrey Shaw , Marilyn B. Renfree , and Richard R. Behringer *

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rrb{at}mdanderson.org.

Abstract
During male sexual development in reptiles, birds, and mammals, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) induces the regression of the Müllerian ducts that normally form the primordia of the female reproductive tract. Whereas Müllerian duct regression occurs during fetal development in eutherian mammals, in marsupial mammals this process occurs after birth. To investigate AMH in a marsupial, we isolated an orthologue from the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and characterized its expression in the testes and ovaries during development. The wallaby AMH gene is highly conserved with the eutherian orthologues that have been studied, particularly within the encoded C-terminal mature domain. The N-terminus of marsupial AMH is divergent and is larger than that of eutherian species. It is located on chromosome 3/4, consistent with its autosomal localization in other species. The wallaby 5' regulatory region, like eutherian AMH genes, contains binding sites for SF1, SOX9, and GATA factors but also contains a putative SRY binding site. AMH expression in the developing testis begins at the time of seminiferous cord formation at 2 days post partum, and Müllerian duct regression begins shortly after. In the developing testis, AMH is localized in the cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells, but is lost by adulthood. In the developing ovary, there is no detectable AMH expression but in adults it is produced by the granulosa cells of primary and secondary follicles. It is not detectable in atretic follicles. Collectively, these studies suggest that AMH expression has been conserved during mammalian evolution and is intimately linked to upstream sex determination mechanisms.

Key words: Ovary • Testis • Early development • Granulosa cells • Sertoli cells


This article has been cited by other articles:


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 EndocrinologyHome page
G. Shaw, J. Fenelon, M. Sichlau, R. J. Auchus, J. D. Wilson, and M. B. Renfree
Role of the Alternate Pathway of Dihydrotestosterone Formation in Virilization of the Wolffian Ducts of the Tammar Wallaby, Macropus eugenii
Endocrinology, May 1, 2006; 147(5): 2368 - 2373.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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