|
|
||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Abstract
One of the most promising applications of microarrays is the study of changes in gene expression associated with the growth and development of mammalian tissues. The testis provides an excellent model to determine the ability of microarrays to effectively characterize the changes in gene expression as an organ develops from birth to adulthood. To this end, a developmental testis gene expression time course profiling the expression patterns of ~36,000 transcripts on the Affymetrix MGU74v2 GeneChip platform at eleven distinct time points was created to gain a greater understanding of the molecular changes necessary for and elicited by the development of the testis. Additionally, gene expression profiles of isolated testicular cell types were created that can aid in the further characterization of the specific functional actions of each cell type in the testis. Statistical analysis of the data revealed 11,252 transcripts (9,846 unique) expressed differentially in a significant manner. Subsequent cluster analysis produced five distinct expressional patterns within the time course. These patterns of expression are present at distinct chronological periods during testis development and often share similarities with cell-specific expression profiles. Analysis of cell-specific expression patterns produced unique and characteristic groups of transcripts that provide greater insight into the activities, biological and chronological, of testicular cell types during the progression of spermatogenesis. Further analysis of this time course can provide a distinct and more definitive view into the genes implicated, known and unknown, in the maturation, maintenance, and function of the testis and the integrated process of spermatogenesis.
Key words:
Testis
Developmental biology
Gene regulation
Spermatogenesis
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
C. M. Million Passe, C. R. White, M. W. King, P. L. Quirk, J. L. Iovanna, and C. C. Quirk Loss of the Protein NUPR1 (p8) Leads to Delayed LHB Expression, Delayed Ovarian Maturation, and Testicular Development of a Sertoli-Cell-Only Syndrome-Like Phenotype in Mice Biol Reprod, October 1, 2008; 79(4): 598 - 607. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. R. Grosso, A. Q. Gomes, N. L. Barbosa-Morais, S. Caldeira, N. P. Thorne, G. Grech, M. von Lindern, and M. Carmo-Fonseca Tissue-specific splicing factor gene expression signatures Nucleic Acids Res., September 1, 2008; 36(15): 4823 - 4832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Ma, G. C. Horvath, M. K. Kistler, and W. S. Kistler Expression Patterns of SP1 and SP3 During Mouse Spermatogenesis: SP1 Down-Regulation Correlates with Two Successive Promoter Changes and Translationally Compromised Transcripts Biol Reprod, August 1, 2008; 79(2): 289 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Q. Zhou, R. Nie, Y. Li, P. Friel, D. Mitchell, R. A Hess, C. Small, and M. D Griswold Expression of Stimulated by Retinoic Acid Gene 8 (Stra8) in Spermatogenic Cells Induced by Retinoic Acid: An In Vivo Study in Vitamin A-Sufficient Postnatal Murine Testes Biol Reprod, July 1, 2008; 79(1): 35 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Dole, E. E Nilsson, and M. K Skinner Glial-derived neurotrophic factor promotes ovarian primordial follicle development and cell-cell interactions during folliculogenesis Reproduction, May 1, 2008; 135(5): 671 - 682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. E. Orwig, B.-Y. Ryu, S. R. Master, B. T. Phillips, M. Mack, M. R. Avarbock, L. Chodosh, and R. L. Brinster Genes Involved in Post-Transcriptional Regulation Are Overrepresented in Stem/Progenitor Spermatogonia of Cryptorchid Mouse Testes Stem Cells, April 1, 2008; 26(4): 927 - 938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Q. Zhou, Y. Li, R. Nie, P. Friel, D. Mitchell, R. M. Evanoff, D. Pouchnik, B. Banasik, J. R. McCarrey, C. Small, et al. Expression of Stimulated by Retinoic Acid Gene 8 (Stra8) and Maturation of Murine Gonocytes and Spermatogonia Induced by Retinoic Acid In Vitro Biol Reprod, March 1, 2008; 78(3): 537 - 545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Murayama, M. Katoh, A. Kanebayashi, T. Kaneko, Y. Shibata, T. Inai, and H. Iida Germ cell-less like-2 protein is a new component of outer dense fibers in rat sperm flagella Reproduction, December 1, 2007; 134(6): 749 - 756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M Schuh, B. Hille, and D. F Babcock Adenosine and Catecholamine Agonists Speed the Flagellar Beat of Mammalian Sperm by a Non-Receptor-Mediated Mechanism Biol Reprod, December 1, 2007; 77(6): 960 - 969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Yoshioka, C. B. Geyer, J. L. Hornecker, K. T. Patel, and J. R. McCarrey In Vivo Analysis of Developmentally and Evolutionarily Dynamic Protein-DNA Interactions Regulating Transcription of the Pgk2 Gene during Mammalian Spermatogenesis Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2007; 27(22): 7871 - 7885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Lee, C. Shah, and E. Y. Xu Gene trap mutagenesis: a functional genomics approach towards reproductive research Mol. Hum. Reprod., November 1, 2007; 13(11): 771 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Behr, C. Deller, M. Godmann, T. Muller, M. Bergmann, R. Ivell, and K. Steger Kruppel-like factor 4 expression in normal and pathological human testes Mol. Hum. Reprod., November 1, 2007; 13(11): 815 - 820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Godmann, V. Auger, V. Ferraroni-Aguiar, A. D. Sauro, C. Sette, R. Behr, and S. Kimmins Dynamic Regulation of Histone H3 Methylation at Lysine 4 in Mammalian Spermatogenesis Biol Reprod, November 1, 2007; 77(5): 754 - 764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Ro, C. Park, R. Song, D. Nguyen, J. Jin, K. M. Sanders, J. R. McCarrey, and W. Yan Cloning and expression profiling of testis-expressed piRNA-like RNAs RNA, October 1, 2007; 13(10): 1693 - 1702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. C. Oakes, T. L. J. Kelly, B. Robaire, and J. M. Trasler Adverse Effects of 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine on Spermatogenesis Include Reduced Sperm Function and Selective Inhibition of de Novo DNA Methylation J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2007; 322(3): 1171 - 1180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Wang, E. E Widgren, R. T Richardson, and M. G O'Rand Characterization of an Eppin Protein Complex from Human Semen and Spermatozoa Biol Reprod, September 1, 2007; 77(3): 476 - 484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Ben-Shlomo, R. Rauch, O. Avsian-Kretchmer, and A. J. W. Hsueh Matching Receptome Genes with Their Ligands for Surveying Paracrine/Autocrine Signaling Systems Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2007; 21(8): 2009 - 2014. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Harris, B. Marquez, S. Suarez, and J. Schimenti Sperm Motility Defects and Infertility in Male Mice with a Mutation in Nsun7, a Member of the Sun Domain-Containing Family of Putative RNA Methyltransferases Biol Reprod, August 1, 2007; 77(2): 376 - 382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. N. Reynard, J. M.A. Turner, J. Cocquet, S. K. Mahadevaiah, A. Toure, C. Hoog, and P. S. Burgoyne Expression Analysis of the Mouse Multi-Copy X-Linked Gene Xlr-Related, Meiosis-Regulated (Xmr), Reveals That Xmr Encodes a Spermatid-Expressed Cytoplasmic Protein, SLX/XMR Biol Reprod, August 1, 2007; 77(2): 329 - 335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Jin, N. Jin, H. Zheng, S. Ro, D. Tafolla, K. M. Sanders, and W. Yan Catsper3 and Catsper4 Are Essential for Sperm Hyperactivated Motility and Male Fertility in the Mouse Biol Reprod, July 1, 2007; 77(1): 37 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Schmidt, J. M. d. Avila, and D. J. McLean Analysis of Gene Expression in Bovine Testis Tissue Prior to Ectopic Testis Tissue Xenografting and During the Grafting Period Biol Reprod, June 1, 2007; 76(6): 1071 - 1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Chalmel, A. D. Rolland, C. Niederhauser-Wiederkehr, S. S. W. Chung, P. Demougin, A. Gattiker, J. Moore, J.-J. Patard, D. J. Wolgemuth, B. Jegou, et al. The conserved transcriptome in human and rodent male gametogenesis PNAS, May 15, 2007; 104(20): 8346 - 8351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H.-G. Li, X.-F. Ding, A.-H. Liao, X.-B. Kong, and C.-L. Xiong Expression of CatSper family transcripts in the mouse testis during post-natal development and human ejaculated spermatozoa: relationship to sperm motility Mol. Hum. Reprod., May 1, 2007; 13(5): 299 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Zheng, C. J. Stratton, K. Morozumi, J. Jin, R. Yanagimachi, and W. Yan Lack of Spem1 causes aberrant cytoplasm removal, sperm deformation, and male infertility PNAS, April 17, 2007; 104(16): 6852 - 6857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. E. Platts, D. J. Dix, H. E. Chemes, K. E. Thompson, R. Goodrich, J. C. Rockett, V. Y. Rawe, S. Quintana, M. P. Diamond, L. F. Strader, et al. Success and failure in human spermatogenesis as revealed by teratozoospermic RNAs Hum. Mol. Genet., April 1, 2007; 16(7): 763 - 773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Eacker, J. E. Shima, C. M. Connolly, M. Sharma, R. W. Holdcraft, M. D. Griswold, and R. E. Braun Transcriptional Profiling of Androgen Receptor (AR) Mutants Suggests Instructive and Permissive Roles of AR Signaling in Germ Cell Development Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 2007; 21(4): 895 - 907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. F. Babcock Wrath of the wraiths of CatSper3 and CatSper4 PNAS, January 23, 2007; 104(4): 1107 - 1108. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Gattiker, C. Niederhauser-Wiederkehr, J. Moore, L. Hermida, and M. Primig The GermOnline cross-species systems browser provides comprehensive information on genes and gene products relevant for sexual reproduction Nucleic Acids Res., January 12, 2007; 35(suppl_1): D457 - D462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. C. Oakes, S. La Salle, D. J. Smiraglia, B. Robaire, and J. M. Trasler A unique configuration of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in the testis PNAS, January 2, 2007; 104(1): 228 - 233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Feig, C. Kirchhoff, R. Ivell, O. Naether, W. Schulze, and A.-N. Spiess A new paradigm for profiling testicular gene expression during normal and disturbed human spermatogenesis Mol. Hum. Reprod., January 1, 2007; 13(1): 33 - 43. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. E Nilsson, J. Stanfield, and M. K Skinner Interactions between progesterone and tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} in the regulation of primordial follicle assembly. Reproduction, December 1, 2006; 132(6): 877 - 886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H.-S. Chang, M. D. Anway, S. S. Rekow, and M. K. Skinner Transgenerational Epigenetic Imprinting of the Male Germline by Endocrine Disruptor Exposure during Gonadal Sex Determination Endocrinology, December 1, 2006; 147(12): 5524 - 5541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Klein, T.G. Cooper, and C.H. Yeung The Role of Potassium Chloride Cotransporters in Murine and Human Sperm Volume Regulation Biol Reprod, December 1, 2006; 75(6): 853 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Yuan, T. M. Leisner, A. W. McFadden, S. Clark, S. Hiller, N. Maeda, D. A. O'Brien, and L. V. Parise CIB1 Is Essential for Mouse Spermatogenesis Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2006; 26(22): 8507 - 8514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Kim, D. Li, Y. Cui, K. Mueller, W. C. Chears, and J. DeJong Regulatory Factor Interactions and Somatic Silencing of the Germ Cell-specific ALF Gene J. Biol. Chem., November 10, 2006; 281(45): 34288 - 34298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Schmidt, J. M. de Avila, and D. J. McLean Grafting Period and Donor Age Affect the Potential for Spermatogenesis in Bovine Ectopic Testis Xenografts Biol Reprod, August 1, 2006; 75(2): 160 - 166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. He, W.-Y. Chan, and M. Dym Microarray technology offers a novel tool for the diagnosis and identification of therapeutic targets for male infertility Reproduction, July 1, 2006; 132(1): 11 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. A Smirnova, P. J Romanienko, P. P Khil, and R D. Camerini-Otero Gene expression profiles of Spo11-/- mouse testes with spermatocytes arrested in meiotic prophase I Reproduction, July 1, 2006; 132(1): 67 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. E Nilsson, C. Detzel, and M. K Skinner Platelet-derived growth factor modulates the primordial to primary follicle transition. Reproduction, June 1, 2006; 131(6): 1007 - 1015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Erkkila, S. Kyttanen, M. Wikstrom, K. Taari, A. P. S. Hikim, R. S. Swerdloff, and L. Dunkel Regulation of human male germ cell death by modulators of ATP production Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1145 - E1154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Iguchi, J. W. Tobias, and N. B. Hecht Expression profiling reveals meiotic male germ cell mRNAs that are translationally up- and down-regulated PNAS, May 16, 2006; 103(20): 7712 - 7717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Nishimune and H. Tanaka Infertility Caused by Polymorphisms or Mutations in Spermatogenesis-Specific Genes J Androl, May 1, 2006; 27(3): 326 - 334. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Borghei, Y.-B. Ouyang, A. D. Westmuckett, M. R. Marcello, C. P. Landel, J. P. Evans, and K. L. Moore Targeted Disruption of Tyrosylprotein Sulfotransferase-2, an Enzyme That Catalyzes Post-translational Protein Tyrosine O-Sulfation, Causes Male Infertility J. Biol. Chem., April 7, 2006; 281(14): 9423 - 9431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Bayarsaikhan, A. Shiratsuchi, D. Gantulga, Y. Nakanishi, and K. Yoshioka Selective expression of the scaffold protein JSAP1 in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Reproduction, April 1, 2006; 131(4): 711 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. Y. Pang, W. Johnson, N. Ravindranath, M. Dym, O. M. Rennert, and W.-Y. Chan Expression profiling of purified male germ cells: stage-specific expression patterns related to meiosis and postmeiotic development Physiol Genomics, January 12, 2006; 24(2): 75 - 85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Reynolds, B. Collier, K. Maratou, V. Bingham, R. M. Speed, M. Taggart, C. A. Semple, N. K. Gray, and H. J. Cooke Dazl binds in vivo to specific transcripts and can regulate the pre-meiotic translation of Mvh in germ cells Hum. Mol. Genet., December 15, 2005; 14(24): 3899 - 3909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.P. Barfield, C.H. Yeung, and T.G. Cooper Characterization of potassium channels involved in volume regulation of human spermatozoa Mol. Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2005; 11(12): 891 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K Wagoner, G Sanchez, A-N Nguyen, G C Enders, and G Blanco Different expression and activity of the {alpha}1 and {alpha}4 isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase during rat male germ cell ontogeny Reproduction, November 1, 2005; 130(5): 627 - 641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. J. Wang, D. C. Page, and J. R. McCarrey Differential expression of sex-linked and autosomal germ-cell-specific genes during spermatogenesis in the mouse Hum. Mol. Genet., October 1, 2005; 14(19): 2911 - 2918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. Vasta, W. K. Sonnenburg, C. Yan, S. H. Soderling, M. Shimizu-Albergine, and J. A. Beavo Identification of a New Variant of PDE1A Calmodulin-Stimulated Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Expressed in Mouse Sperm Biol Reprod, October 1, 2005; 73(4): 598 - 609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. E. Carlson, T. A. Quill, R. E. Westenbroek, S. M. Schuh, B. Hille, and D. F. Babcock Identical Phenotypes of CatSper1 and CatSper2 Null Sperm J. Biol. Chem., September 16, 2005; 280(37): 32238 - 32244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Pan, M. Goodheart, S. Chuma, N. Nakatsuji, D. C. Page, and P. J. Wang RNF17, a component of the mammalian germ cell nuage, is essential for spermiogenesis Development, September 15, 2005; 132(18): 4029 - 4039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. J Meachem, S. M Ruwanpura, J. Ziolkowski, J. M Ague, M. K Skinner, and K. L Loveland Developmentally distinct in vivo effects of FSH on proliferation and apoptosis during testis maturation J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2005; 186(3): 429 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. D. Anway, M. D. Show, and B. R. Zirkin Protein C Inhibitor Expression by Adult Rat Sertoli Cells: Effects of Testosterone Withdrawal and Replacement J Androl, September 1, 2005; 26(5): 578 - 585. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. A. Beall, K. Boekelheide, and K. J. Johnson Hybrid GPCR/Cadherin (Celsr) Proteins in Rat Testis Are Expressed With Cell Type Specificity and Exhibit Differential Sertoli Cell-Germ Cell Adhesion Activity J Androl, July 1, 2005; 26(4): 529 - 538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Chaudhary, I. Sadler-Riggleman, J. M. Ague, and M. K. Skinner The Helix-Loop-Helix Inhibitor of Differentiation (ID) Proteins Induce Post-Mitotic Terminally Differentiated Sertoli Cells to Re-Enter the Cell Cycle and Proliferate Biol Reprod, May 1, 2005; 72(5): 1205 - 1217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. D. Alvarez and A. Sehgal The Thymus Is Similar to the Testis in Its Pattern of Circadian Clock Gene Expression J Biol Rhythms, April 1, 2005; 20(2): 111 - 121. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Horowitz, Z. Zhang, B. H. Jones, S. B. Moss, C. Ho, J. R. Wood, X. Wang, M. D. Sammel, and J. F. Strauss III Patterns of expression of sperm flagellar genes: early expression of genes encoding axonemal proteins during the spermatogenic cycle and shared features of promoters of genes encoding central apparatus proteins Mol. Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2005; 11(4): 307 - 317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||