Biol Reprod Keystone Symposia Conference on Frontiers in Reproductive Biology & Regulation of Fertility.
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BOR - Papers in Press, published online ahead of print June 16, 2004.
Biol Reprod 2004, 10.1095/biolreprod.104.028621
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Submitted February 17, 2004
Returned for revision March 5, 2004
Accepted June 7, 2004

Pregnancy


Secretions of Interleukin-1 {beta} and Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} by Whole Fetal Membranes Depend on Initial Interactions of Amnion or Choriodecidua with Lipopolysaccharides or Group B Streptococci

Veronica Zaga , Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez , Jorge Beltran-Montoya , Rolando Maida-Claros , Rosario Lopez-Vancell , and Felipe Vadillo-Ortega *

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: felipe.vadillo{at}uia.mx.

Abstract
This study evaluated the secretions of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1{beta}) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-{alpha}) by fetal membranes stimulated with group B Streptococcus (GBS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Aims of the study were directed to evaluate the initial response of full thickness membranes to the microbial insult, using an in vitro experimental model allowed testing of the individual contribution of amnion and choriodecidua to stimulation. Full thickness membranes were obtained after delivery by elective cesarean section from women at 37-40 weeks of gestation without evidence of active labor. The membranes were mounted in Transwell devices, physically separating the upper and lower chambers. LPS (500 ng/mL) or GBS (1 x 10 6 CFU) was added to either amniotic or choriodecidua surface and accumulation of IL-1{beta} and TNF-{alpha} were measured in both compartments using specific ELISA. Fetal membranes followed different patterns of secretion of proinflammatory cytokines that depended on the side to which the stimulus was added or the nature of the stimulus itself. TNF-{alpha} was secreted by amnion and choriodecidua in the presence of LPS or GBS, and stimulation with GBS induced a greater synthesis of IL-1 {beta} than did LPS. Choriodecidua tissue was more responsive than amniotic tissue, and this response tended to be higher even when the stimulation was only on the amniotic side. However, the amnion plays an active role in recognizing LPS or GBS, contributing a significant amount of TNF-{alpha}. Thus, there are cooperative and bidirectional communications between amnion and choriodecidua in response to bacterial products, which include intermembranous cytokine traffic and signaling between tissues.

Key words: Pregnancy • Cytokines • Parturition • Placenta


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