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BOR - Papers in Press, published online ahead of print September 22, 2004.
Biol Reprod 2004, 10.1095/biolreprod.104.034140
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Submitted July 5, 2004
Returned for revision August 8, 2004
Accepted September 3, 2004

Gamete Biology


Changes in Intracellular Distribution and Activity of Protein Phosphatase PP1{gamma}2 and Its Regulating Proteins in Spermatozoa Lacking AKAP4

Zaohua Huang *, Payaningal Somanath , Rumela Chakrabarti , Edward M. Eddy , and Srinivasan Vijayaraghavan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: zhuang1{at}kent.edu.

Abstract
The second messenger cAMP mediates its intracellular effects in spermatozoa through cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA). The intracellular organization of PKA in spermatozoa is controlled through its association with A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs). AKAP4 (also called AKAP 82) is sperm-specific and the major fibrous sheath protein of the principal piece of the sperm flagellum. Presumably AKAP4 recruits PKA to the fibrous sheath and facilitates local phosphorylation to regulate flagellar function. It is also proposed to act as a scaffolding protein for signaling proteins and proteins involved in metabolism. Akap4 gene knockout mice are infertile due to the lack of sperm motility. The fibrous sheath is disrupted in spermatozoa from mutant mice. In this report we used Akap4 gene knockout mice to study the effect of fibrous sheath disruption on the presence, sub-cellular distribution and/or activity changes of PKA catalytic and regulatory subunits, sperm flagellum proteins PP1 {gamma}2, GSK-3, SP17 and other signaling proteins. There were no changes in the presence and sub-cellular distribution for PP1 {gamma}2, GSK-3, hsp90, sds22, 1433 protein and PKB in mutant mice. However, the sub-cellular distributions for PKA catalytic subunit and regulatory subunits, PI 3-kinase and SP17 were disrupted in mutant mice. Furthermore, there was a significant change in the activity and phosphorylation of PP1{gamma}2 in mutant compared to wild type spermatozoa. These studies have identified potentially significant new roles for the fibrous sheath in regulating the activity and function of key signaling enzymes.

Key words: Testis • Epididymis • Phosphatases • Sperm • Sperm motility and transport


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S. E Fiedler, M. Bajpai, and D. W Carr
Identification and Characterization of RHOA-Interacting Proteins in Bovine Spermatozoa
Biol Reprod, January 1, 2008; 78(1): 184 - 192.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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