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Abstract
Cloned mammals are readily obtained by nuclear transfer
using cultured somatic cells; however, the rate of
generating live offspring from the reconstructed embryos
remains low. In nuclear transfer procedures, varying
quantities of donor cell mitochondria are transferred
with nuclei into recipient oocytes, and mitochondrial
heteroplasmy has been observed. A mouse model was used to
examine whether transferred mitochondria affect the
development of the reconstructed oocytes. Cytoplasm or
purified mitochondria from somatic cells derived from the
external ear, skeletal muscle, and testis of Mus
spretus mice or cumulus cells of Mus musculus
domesticus mice were transferred into M. m.
domesticus (B6SJLF1 and B6D2F1) oocytes to observe
parthenogenetic development through the morula stage. All
B6D2F1 oocytes injected with somatic cytoplasm or
mitochondria showed delayed development when compared to
oocytes injected with buffer. The developmental rates were
not different among injected cell sources, with the
exception of testis-derived donor cells injected into
B6SJLF1 oocytes (P < 0.01). The developmental rate of
B6D2F1 oocytes injected with buffer alone (98.8%
survival), was different from those injected with somatic
cytoplasm (60.8% survival) or somatic mitochondria (56.5%
survival) (P < 0.01). Conversely, injection of ooplasm
into B6D2F1 oocytes did not affect parthenogenetic
development (100% survival). Our results indicate that
injection of somatic cytoplasm or mitochondria affected
parthenogenetic development of murine oocytes. These
results have further implications for in vitro
fertilization protocols employing ooplasmic transfer where
primary oocyte failure is not confirmed.
Key words:
Early development
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