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BOR - Papers in Press, published online ahead of print March 2, 2005.
Biol Reprod 2005, 10.1095/biolreprod.104.036277
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Submitted October 5, 2004
Returned for revision October 29, 2004
Accepted February 22, 2005

Ovary


Numbers of Antral Follicles During Follicular Waves in Cattle: Evidence for High Variation Among Animals, Very High Repeatability in Individuals, and an Inverse Association with Serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Concentrations

David S. Burns , Fermin Jimenez-Krassel , Janet L.H. Ireland , Phil G. Knight , and James J. Ireland *

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ireland{at}msu.edu.

Abstract
The extent, causes and physiological significance of the variation in numbers of follicles growing during ovarian follicular waves in human beings and cattle are unknown. Therefore, the present study examined the variability and repeatability in numbers of follicles ≥ 3 mm in diameter during the follicular "waves" in bovine estrous cycles, and determined if the variation in numbers of follicles during waves was associated with alterations in secretion of FSH, estradiol, inhibin alpha and IGF1. Dairy cattle were subjected to twice daily ultrasound analysis to count total number of antral follicles ≥ 3 mm in diameter throughout 138 different follicular waves. In another study, blood samples were taken at frequent intervals from cows that consistently had low or very high numbers of follicles during waves and subjected to immunoassays. Results indicate: a) Despite ~ 7-fold variation in numbers of follicles during waves among animals and marked differences in ages, stage of lactation and season of the year, a very highly repeatable (0.95) number of follicles ≥ 3 mm in diameter is maintained during the ovulatory and non-ovulatory follicular waves of individuals. b) Variation in numbers of follicles ≥ 3 mm in diameter during waves and the inverse association of numbers of follicles during waves with FSH are not directly explained by alterations in the patterns of secretion of estradiol, inhibin alpha or IGF1. c) Ovarian ultrasound analysis can be used reliably by investigators to identify cattle that consistently have low or high numbers of follicles during waves, thus providing a novel experimental model to determine the causes and physiological significance of the high variation in antral follicle numbers during follicular waves among single-ovulating species like cattle or human beings.

Key words: Estradiol • Follicle • Follicle-stimulating hormone • Follicular development • Inhibin


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