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Abstract
There are two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes in fish,
Esr1 and Esr2 (formerly ER
and ER
), and in
some species the Esr2 subtype has two forms, Esr2b
(formerly ER1) and Esr2a (formerly ER2 or
ER
). There is little information, however, on the
different characteristics and functional significance of
the two receptor subtypes in fish, and this is especially
relevant for understanding the disruption of ER signaling
by chemicals with estrogenic activity. In this study, the
full-length cDNAs for esr1 (3167 bp) and
esr2b (2318 bp), and a partial-length (267 bp) cDNA
for esr2a, were cloned and characterized in fathead
minnow (fhm; Pimephales promelas), and their
patterns of expression established during development and
in adults. Real-time PCR revealed some clear distinctions
in the ontogenic and tissue expression of fhm esr1,
esr2b and esr2a, suggesting different
functions for each ER subtype. Fhm ERs were expressed in
brain, pituitary, liver, gonad, intestine and gill of male
and female fish, esr2b and esr2a were also
expressed in muscle. Fhm esr1 and esr2b were
expressed predominantly in the liver, whereas fhm
esr2a was expressed predominantly in intestine and
was lowest expressed in liver. Responses of the different
hepatic ERs in male fathead minnow exposed to 100ng
estradiol/L differed, with a significant induction
(5-fold) of fhm esr1 but no effect on esr2b
or esr2a expression, suggesting different
mechanisms of regulation for the different ERs. The
detailed characterization of ERs in fathead minnow
provides the foundation for understanding the molecular
basis of estrogenic disruption in fish.
Key words:
Environment •
Mechanisms of Hormone Action •
Early development •
Estradiol •
Estradiol receptor
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