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Abstract
Mammalian sperm acquire fertilization capacity after
residing in the female tract in a process known as
capacitation. This study examined whether cholesterol
efflux during capacitation alters the biophysical
properties of the sperm plasma membrane by potentially
reducing the extent of lipid raft domains as analyzed by
the isolation of detergent-resistant membrane fractions
using sucrose gradients. In addition, this work
investigated whether dissociation of the detergent
resistant membrane fraction during capacitation alters
resident sperm raft proteins. Mouse sperm proteins
associated with such fractions were studied by silver
staining, tandem mass spectrometry and Western blotting.
Caveolin 1 was identified in sperm lipid rafts in
multimeric states, including a high molecular weight
oligomer sensitive to degradation under reducing
conditions at high pH. Capacitation resulted in reduction
of the light buoyant density detergent-resistant membrane
fraction and decreased the array of proteins isolated
within this fraction including loss of the high molecular
weight caveolin 1 oligomers. Proteomic analysis of sperm
proteins isolated in the light buoyant density fraction
identified several proteins, including Hexokinase 1,
testis serine protease 1 and 2, TEX101, Hyaluronidase
(PH20, SPAM1), Facilitated glucose transporter 3, Lactate
Dehydrogenase A, Carbonic Anhydrase IV, IZUMO,
Pantophysin, Basigin and CRISP1. Capacitation also
resulted in a significant reduction in sperm labeling by
the fluorescent lipid analogue DiIC16 indicating
capacitation alters the liquid-ordered domains in the
sperm plasma membrane. The observations that capacitation
alters the protein composition of the detergent-resistant
membrane fractions is consistent with the hypothesis that
cholesterol efflux during capacitation dissociates lipid
raft constituents initiating signaling events leading to
sperm capacitation.
Key words:
Testis
Fertilization
Signal transduction
Sperm
Sperm capacitation
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